36 promising molecules
| Gene symbol
a, mRNAs are targeted by multiple miRNAs. |
Signal Pathway | Function | Diseases | Viral or bacterial infection | KEGG pathway ID | Reference (PMID) | OS (P-value) | ExoBCD Tags
|
| IGF1Rabc | PI3K-Akt; MAPK; Ras; Rap1; mTOR; HIF-1; Longevity regulating | Focal adhesion; Adherens junction; Endocytosis; EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells | Breast cancer; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Melanoma; Prostate cancer | hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa05205 hsa04015; hsa04014; hsa04144; hsa04550; hsa01521; hsa05224; hsa04520; hsa05215; hsa05225; hsa04066; hsa04150; hsa04211; hsa04213 | 29152592; 21574055 | 3.50E-05 |  mpPBs |
|
| FRS2abc | MAPK; PI3K-Akt; Ras; mTOR | Cell proliferation | Breast cancer | hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa04014; hsa05224; hsa05205 | 27533459; 29156384 | 1.60E-03 | mpPBs |
|
| miR-18a-5pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29050253; 29988076 | 9.00E-04 |  pPBs |
||
| miR-195-5pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29050253; 26309570 | 1.80E-08 | pPBs |
|
| miR-223-3pc | TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04350 | 29805680; 31395736 | 6.00E-04 | pPBs |
||
| FGFR2bc | MAPK; PI3K-Akt; Ras; Rap1 | Endocytosis; EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton; Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells | Gastric cancer; Prostate cancer | hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa04014; hsa04015; hsa04810; hsa04144; hsa01521; hsa05226; hsa04550; hsa05230; hsa05215 | 24043118; 23527311 | 3.10E-05 | pPBs |
|
| LDHAab | HIF-1 | hsa05230; hsa04066 | 27598996; 19668225 | 9.10E-03 | pPBs |
|||
| SFNabc | p53 | Cell cycle | hsa04110; hsa04115 | 19452229; 11423985 | 1.33E-02 | pPBs |
||
| miR-124-3pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29050253; 27468577 | 4.05E-02 | pPBs |
|
| miR-130a-3pc | TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04350 | 29746865; 30510209 | 2.08E-02 | pPBs |
|
| miR-17-5pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29050253; 30989460 | 2.00E-02 | pPBs |
|
| miR-29b-3pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa05218; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29050253; 31349873 | 6.50E-06 | pPBs |
|
| ERBB2ab | MAPK; PI3K-Akt; HIF-1 | Focal adhesion; Adherens junction; Tight junction; EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance | Breast cancer; Gastric cancer; Prostate cancer | hsa04510; hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa05205; hsa05226; hsa01521; hsa05224; hsa05230; hsa04520; hsa04530; hsa05215; hsa04066; | 29491426; 10632352 | 3.74E-01 | pPBs |
|
| FGFR3ab | MAPK; PI3K-Akt; Ras; Rap2 | Endocytosis; EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton; Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells | hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa04014; hsa04015; hsa01521; hsa04810; hsa04550; hsa05230 | 24548884; 21792889 | 8.29E-01 | pPBs |
||
| ITGB1ab | PI3K-Akt; Rap1 | Focal adhesion; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton; Tight junction | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC); Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Human papillomavirus; Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Yersinia | hsa04510; hsa04151; hsa05205; hsa04015; hsa04810; hsa05165; hsa05135; hsa05130; hsa05410; hsa05412; hsa05414; hsa04530 | 16452209; 26675717 | 2.04E-01 | pPBs |
| ITGB7b | PI3K-Akt | Focal adhesion; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC); Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | Human papillomavirus infection | hsa04151; hsa04810; hsa05165; hsa05410; hsa05412; hsa05414; hsa04510 | 21474670 | 5.74E-02 | pPBs |
| NANOGab | Regulating pluripotency of stem cells | hsa05205; hsa04550 | 22381696; 22528804 | 3.03E-01 | pPBs |
|||
| PKN2ab | PI3K-Akt | Yersinia infection | hsa04151; hsa05135 | 28515445 | 5.25E-01 | pPBs |
||
| CD82b | p53 | hsa04115 | 30604894; 9736046 | NA | pPBs |
|||
| miR-615-3pc | p53; TGF beta | Focal adhesion | hsa04510; hsa04115; hsa04350 | 29501762 | 1.62E-02 |  mpBIMs |
||
| miR-639c | p53 | Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04115; hsa05218 | 24917697 | 6.50E-03 | mpBIMs |
|
| miR-595c | TGF beta | Endocytosis; Tight junction | Melanoma | hsa04350; hsa04144; hsa04530 | 27133048 | 1.90E-06 | mpBIMs |
|
| IL1RAPc | MAPK | Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels | hsa04010; hsa04750 | 26261316 | 4.58E-02 | mpBIMs |
||
| PIK3R5bc | PI3K-Akt; Oxytocin; Phospholipase D | hsa04921; hsa04072; hsa04151 | 28123587 | 3.70E-03 | mpBIMs |
|||
| ARF6ab | Ras; Phospholipase D | Endocytosis | Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Yersinia | hsa04014; hsa04144; hsa05135; hsa05130; hsa04072 | 19416474; 25799492 | 7.02E-01 |  pBIMs |
|
| BIDb | p53 | Human cytomegalovirus | hsa04115; hsa05163 | 16874058; 25760094 | 5.37E-01 | pBIMs |
||
| CACNB2b | MAPK; Oxytocin | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC); Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | hsa04010; hsa05410; hsa05412; hsa05414; hsa04921 | 25220184 | 1.09E-01 | pBIMs |
||
| CDC42ab | MAPK; Ras; Rap1 | Focal adhesion; Adherens junction;Tight junction; Endocytosis; Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | Human papillomavirus; Pathogenic Escherichia coli; Yersinia | hsa04510; hsa04010; hsa04014; hsa05205; hsa04015; hsa04810; hsa04144; hsa05165; hsa05135; hsa05130; hsa04520; hsa04530 | 23750283; 24529727 | 8.39E-01 | pBIMs |
|
| CHEK2ab | p53 | Cell cycle | hsa04110; hsa04115 | 21876083; 26987529 | 7.43E-01 | pBIMs |
||
| DUSP1b | MAPK | hsa04010 | 11313879; 21655091 | 5.24E-02 | pBIMs |
|||
| ELK1ab | MAPK; Ras; Oxytocin | Focal adhesion | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Human cytomegalovirus | hsa04510; hsa04010; hsa05205; hsa04014; hsa05225; hsa05163; hsa04921 | 21293856; 29491426 | 2.38E-01 | pBIMs |
| FGF9ab | MAPK; PI3K-Akt; Ras; Rap1 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | Breast cancer; Gastric cancer; Melanoma | hsa05218; hsa04010; hsa04151; hsa04014; hsa04015; hsa04810; hsa05224; hsa05226 | 21098263; 27166269 | 9.55E-01 | pBIMs |
|
| FZD5ab | mTOR | Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells | Breast cancer; Gastric cancer; Hepatocellular carcinoma | Human papillomavirus | hsa05205; hsa05165; hsa04550; hsa05224; hsa05226; hsa05225; hsa04150 | 27323393 | 1.32E-01 | pBIMs |
| HTR7ab | Ras; Calcium | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | hsa04014; hsa04020; hsa04080 | 22726445 | 8.18E-01 | pBIMs |
||
| TSC2b | PI3K-Akt; mTOR; p53; Longevity regulating; Phospholipase D | Human cytomegalovirus; Human papillomavirus | hsa04115; hsa04151; hsa05165; hsa04072; hsa04150; hsa05163; hsa04211 | 16537497 | 1.70E-01 | pBIMs |
||
| miR-149-3pc | TGF beta | Focal adhesion; Cell cycle | Melanoma | hsa04110; hsa04510; hsa04350; hsa05218 | 29218245 | 3.34E-01 | pBIMs |
PBs,The Potential Biomarkers;
BIMs, The Biologically Interesting Molecules;Notes:
1) 36 promising molecules, including 25 mRNA molecules without the prefix “mi-” of their gene symbols and 11 miRNAs, were identified by circos plot, manual mapping of multiple molecular pathways, and target relationship.
2) The results in the second, third, and fourth columns were from the enrichment of KEGG mapping, including pathway, function, and disease, respectively. The fifth and sixth columns contain literatures related to breast cancer and overall survival estimation, individually.
3) All molecules were significant in overall survival (OS) analysis (P < 0.05). PMID (PubMed ID) of references with biomarker reporting in breast cancer and the significant OS value (P < 0.05）were underlined.
4) Potential biomarkers (PBs) are mined from original studies on exosomes in breast cancer or rigorously identified from high-throughput expression data;
The promising PBs (pPBs) are selected by the procedure of "Verificational insight into exosomal molecules" (Pipeline) and reported as biomarkers for breast cancer in original studies.
The most promising PBs (mpPBs) are molecules targeted by multiple exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer, reported as biomarkers for breast cancer in original researches and playing key roles in the progress and prognosis of breast cancer.
And the biologically interesting molecules (BIMs), the promising biologically interesting molecules (pBIMs) and the most promising biologically interesting molecules (mpBIMs) may play different important roles in carcinogenesis and cancer development.
5) IGF1R and FRS2, the most promising PBs, being significant in prognosis and reported as biomarkers for breast cancers by multiple original studies, were hub molecules targeted by multiple key miRNAs in cancers being crucial for carcinogenesis and cancer development. And SFN should be also focused on.